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IT行業(ye)成(cheng)為炙手可熱的(de)(de)新(xin)型行業(ye)，如何(he)能夠成(cheng)為高(gao)端人才?今天給大家帶(dai)來的(de)(de)是(shi)IT領域中的(de)(de)嵌入式(shi)開發，詳(xiang)細講述(shu)的(de)(de)這些概念主要是(shi)針(zhen)對開發之間(jian)的(de)(de)異同(tong)以(yi)及如何(he)來進行抉擇，希望(wang)所講述(shu)內容(rong)對大家有所幫(bang)助。

嵌入式(shi)系統的(de)概念，對嵌入式(shi)工(gong)(gong)程師來講，一定不陌生，那不防來回顧一下， JavaScript集成(cheng)測試(shi)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)Test Swarm發布，基(ji)于ARM的(de)智能無線信號(hao)變送(song)器，Android+ARM組合Computex2009上大(da)放異(yi)彩，用RMI實現基(ji)于Java的(de)分布式(shi)計算。

現(xian)(xian)在(zai)就著重了解下(xia)(xia)，“嵌入(ru)”的(de)(de)(de)概念的(de)(de)(de)吧，現(xian)(xian)主要(yao)從三方面(mian)來(lai)(lai)講，1、從硬件(jian)上，將基于CPU的(de)(de)(de)處圍(wei)器(qi)件(jian)，整合(he)到(dao)CPU芯片(pian)內部(bu)(bu)，比如早期基于X86體系結構(gou)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)計(ji)算機，CPU只(zhi)是有(you)運算器(qi)和(he)累(lei)加器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能，一切(qie)芯片(pian)要(yao)造外(wai)部(bu)(bu)橋路來(lai)(lai)擴展實現(xian)(xian)，象串口(kou)之類的(de)(de)(de)都是靠外(wai)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)16C550/2的(de)(de)(de)串口(kou)控(kong)(kong)制器(qi)芯片(pian)實現(xian)(xian)，而(er)目前的(de)(de)(de)這種(zhong)串口(kou)控(kong)(kong)制器(qi)芯片(pian)早已集成到(dao)CPU內部(bu)(bu)，還有(you)PC機有(you)顯卡，而(er)多(duo)數嵌入(ru)式處理器(qi)都帶有(you)LCD控(kong)(kong)制器(qi)，但(dan)其種(zhong)意(yi)義上就相當于顯卡。

2、從軟件(jian)上前，就(jiu)(jiu)是在(zai)定制(zhi)(zhi)操作(zuo)系(xi)統(tong)內(nei)核里將(jiang)應(ying)(ying)用一并選入，編譯(yi)后(hou)將(jiang)內(nei)核下載到(dao)ROM中。而(er)在(zai)定制(zhi)(zhi)操作(zuo)系(xi)統(tong)內(nei)核時所選擇的應(ying)(ying)用程序組件(jian)就(jiu)(jiu)是完成(cheng)了軟件(jian)的“嵌入”，比如WinCE在(zai)內(nei)核定制(zhi)(zhi)時，會有相應(ying)(ying)選擇，其中就(jiu)(jiu)是wordpad，PDF，MediaPlay等(deng)等(deng)選擇。

3、把(ba)軟件內核或應用文件系(xi)統等(deng)東西燒(shao)到嵌入式系(xi)統硬(ying)件平臺中(zhong)的(de)(de)ROM中(zhong)就實(shi)現了一個(ge)真正的(de)(de)“嵌入”。以(yi)上(shang)所(suo)(suo)講(jiang)內容(rong)是我(wo)總(zong)結一些(xie)資(zi)深人(ren)士的(de)(de)看法，當然相關書籍上(shang)的(de)(de)說法也有(you)(you)很多，但這畢竟是實(shi)際工作(zuo)中(zhong)的(de)(de)總(zong)結，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)也有(you)(you)一定的(de)(de)相關可讀性(xing)。

嵌(qian)入(ru)式(shi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)分(fen)(fen)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，可以(yi)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)哪四大(da)(da)類(lei)?硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)和應用(yong)四大(da)(da)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，下面就簡單來(lai)(lai)了解下四大(da)(da)分(fen)(fen)類(lei)吧。1、硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)整個嵌(qian)入(ru)式(shi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)根本(ben)，如(ru)(ru)果(guo)(guo)現在(zai)單片(pian)機及接口(kou)(kou)這塊很熟悉，并且能(neng)(neng)用(yong)C和匯編(bian)(bian)語(yu)言來(lai)(lai)編(bian)(bian)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)話，從嵌(qian)入(ru)式(shi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)來(lai)(lai)學(xue)習(xi)會相(xiang)對比(bi)較容(rong)(rong)易(yi)，硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎。2、驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，這部分(fen)(fen)比(bi)較難，驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)不(bu)僅要(yao)能(neng)(neng)看懂電(dian)路(lu)圖(tu)還要(yao)能(neng)(neng)對操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)內核(he)十分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)通，以(yi)便其所寫(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)程(cheng)序在(zai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)調用(yong)時(shi)，不(bu)會獨占操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)時(shi)間片(pian)，而導(dao)致(zhi)其它任(ren)務不(bu)能(neng)(neng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)行。3、操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，對于(yu)操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)目(mu)前可能(neng)(neng)只(zhi)能(neng)(neng)說是(shi)(shi)(shi)簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)移植(zhi)，而很少(shao)有人來(lai)(lai)自已寫(xie)操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)，或者寫(xie)出(chu)缺胳膊少(shao)腿的(de)(de)(de)(de)操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)來(lai)(lai)，這部分(fen)(fen)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)大(da)(da)都由驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)來(lai)(lai)完(wan)成。4、應用(yong)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，相(xiang)對來(lai)(lai)講較為(wei)容(rong)(rong)易(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，如(ru)(ru)果(guo)(guo)會在(zai)windows下如(ru)(ru)何(he)進行編(bian)(bian)程(cheng)接口(kou)(kou)函數(shu)調用(yong)，到操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)下只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)編(bian)(bian)譯和開發環境有相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化而已。介紹完(wan)以(yi)上(shang)相(xiang)關概(gai)念之后，其中為(wei)關鍵的(de)(de)(de)(de)應該是(shi)(shi)(shi)你的(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)標與定位，如(ru)(ru)何(he)能(neng)(neng)夠成為(wei)高端工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)，這倆(lia)方面內容(rong)(rong)相(xiang)對比(bi)較重要(yao)，學(xue) ARM，從硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)上(shang)講，一方面就是(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)習(xi)接口(kou)(kou)電(dian)路(lu)設計，另一方面就是(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)習(xi)匯編(bian)(bian)和C語(yu)言的(de)(de)(de)(de)板級編(bian)(bian)程(cheng)。如(ru)(ru)果(guo)(guo)從軟件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)上(shang)講，就是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)學(xue)習(xi)基(ji)于(yu)ARM處理器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、移植(zhi)了。但不(bu)管學(xue)什么，只(zhi)要(yao)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)純的(de)(de)(de)(de)操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)級以(yi)上(shang)基(ji)于(yu) API的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)編(bian)(bian)程(cheng)，硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)寄存器(qi)類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)西還是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)能(neng)(neng)看懂的(de)(de)(de)(de)，基(ji)于(yu)板級的(de)(de)(de)(de)匯編(bian)(bian)和C編(bian)(bian)程(cheng)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)會的(de)(de)(de)(de)。

總(zong)之，想要成(cheng)為高端嵌(qian)入式工(gong)程師，學的(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)還是(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)當(dang)多的(de)(de)，比如一些軟件(jian)工(gong)具(ju)的(de)(de)掌握，能(neng)夠合理利用(yong)相(xiang)(xiang)關工(gong)具(ju)來(lai)做邏輯分(fen)析和設計(ji)，除此之外就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)接口設計(ji)審圖能(neng)力，再者就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)調試能(neng)力，如果能(neng)走到總(zong)體方(fang)案設計(ji)這塊，那就(jiu)基本上快成(cheng)為資深工(gong) 程師了，以(yi)上相(xiang)(xiang)關內(nei)(nei)容(rong)的(de)(de)介紹，希望對已從事(shi)嵌(qian)入式工(gong)程師或將降入步入這一隊伍(wu)的(de)(de)人，都(dou)會有(you)所幫助……