嵌入式和(he)單片機的(de)區別是什(shen)么
							時間(jian):2020-05-12      來源:未知 
							如果你不了解嵌入式和單片機的話,真的要先從它們的定義開始才行,了解定義之后,你也就會知道到底嵌入式和單片機有什么區別了,不過就算你不知道也不要緊,下面可以跟小編一起來看看嵌入式和單片機的區別是什么吧。
什么是嵌入式呢?
	
按照歷史(shi)性、本質性、普(pu)遍性要(yao)求,嵌(qian)(qian)入(ru)式(shi)系(xi)(xi)統應定義為:“嵌(qian)(qian)入(ru)到對象(xiang)體系(xi)(xi)中的(de)專用計算機系(xi)(xi)統”。“嵌(qian)(qian)入(ru)性”、“專用性”與“計算機系(xi)(xi)統”是(shi)嵌(qian)(qian)入(ru)式(shi)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)三個基本要(yao)素。對象(xiang)系(xi)(xi)統則是(shi)指嵌(qian)(qian)入(ru)式(shi)系(xi)(xi)統所嵌(qian)(qian)入(ru)的(de)宿主(zhu)系(xi)(xi)統。
什么是單片機呢?
一般我們(men)將單(dan)(dan)片(pian)微(wei)型(xing)(xing)計算機簡稱為單(dan)(dan)片(pian)機,它(ta)不是完(wan)成某一個(ge)(ge)邏(luo)輯功(gong)能的(de)芯片(pian),而是把(ba)一個(ge)(ge)計算機系(xi)統集(ji)成到一個(ge)(ge)芯片(pian)上(shang)。相(xiang)當于一個(ge)(ge)微(wei)型(xing)(xing)的(de)計算機,和計算機相(xiang)比,單(dan)(dan)片(pian)機只缺(que)少了(le)I/O設備(bei)。是一種典型(xing)(xing)的(de)嵌入式微(wei)控制(zhi)器。
1、單片機與嵌入式在系(xi)統組成結構上的區別:
(1)單片機(ji)基本結構
單片機(ji)由運算器(qi)、控制器(qi)、存(cun)儲器(qi)、輸入輸出設備構成。
(2)嵌入式系統成部分(fen)
嵌(qian)入(ru)式(shi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)一般(ban)由嵌(qian)入(ru)式(shi)微處理器、外圍硬(ying)(ying)件設(she)備、嵌(qian)入(ru)式(shi)操作系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、特定(ding)的應(ying)(ying)用(yong)程序組成。嵌(qian)入(ru)式(shi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)設(she)計的第一步是結合(he)具體的應(ying)(ying)用(yong),綜合(he)考慮系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)對成本、性能、可擴展(zhan)性、開發周(zhou)期(qi)等各個(ge)方面的要求,確定(ding)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的主(zhu)控器件,并以之為核心搭(da)建系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)硬(ying)(ying)件平(ping)臺。
2、單片(pian)機與(yu)嵌入式(shi)在硬件組成上的區別
單(dan)片(pian)(pian)機(ji)是在(zai)一(yi)塊(kuai)集成電(dian)(dian)路(lu)芯片(pian)(pian)中包含了微控(kong)制器(qi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu),以及一(yi)些通用的輸入(ru)輸出接口器(qi)件(jian)。從構成嵌(qian)入(ru)式(shi)系統的方式(shi)看,根據現代電(dian)(dian)子技術發展水平,嵌(qian)入(ru)式(shi)系統可以用單(dan)片(pian)(pian)機(ji)實(shi)現,也可以用其它(ta)可編程的電(dian)(dian)子器(qi)件(jian)實(shi)現。其余硬件(jian)器(qi)件(jian)根據目標應(ying)用系統的需求而定。
3、單片機(ji)與(yu)嵌入式在軟(ruan)件組成上(shang)的(de)區別(bie)
制(zhi)造商出廠(chang)的通用單片機內沒有應用程(cheng)序(xu),所以(yi)不能直接(jie)運(yun)行。增加應用程(cheng)序(xu)后,單片機就可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)獨立運(yun)行。嵌入(ru)式系統一定要(yao)有控制(zhi)軟件(jian),實現控制(zhi)邏輯的方(fang)式可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)完全用硬件(jian)電路,也可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)用軟件(jian)程(cheng)序(xu)。
4、單片機與嵌入式(shi)在主次關系方面(mian)的區別
單片(pian)(pian)機現(xian)在(zai)已經(jing)被(bei)認為(wei)是(shi)通用(yong)(yong)的電子器(qi)(qi)件了(le),單片(pian)(pian)機自身(shen)為(wei)主體。嵌(qian)入(ru)(ru)(ru)式系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)在(zai)物理(li)(li)結構(gou)關系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)上是(shi)從屬的,嵌(qian)入(ru)(ru)(ru)式系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)被(bei)嵌(qian)入(ru)(ru)(ru)安裝在(zai)目標應用(yong)(yong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)內(nei)。嵌(qian)入(ru)(ru)(ru)式系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)在(zai)控(kong)制(zhi)關系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)上卻是(shi)主導的,是(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)目標應用(yong)(yong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)運行的邏輯處理(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)。盡(jin)管可以(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)不同方式構(gou)成(cheng)嵌(qian)入(ru)(ru)(ru)式系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong),但是(shi)一旦構(gou)成(cheng)之后,嵌(qian)入(ru)(ru)(ru)式系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)就是(shi)一個(ge)專用(yong)(yong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)。專用(yong)(yong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)中,可編程(cheng)(cheng)器(qi)(qi)件的軟件可以(yi)(yi)在(zai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)構(gou)建過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中植(zhi)入(ru)(ru)(ru),也可以(yi)(yi)在(zai)器(qi)(qi)件制(zhi)造過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中直接生成(cheng),以(yi)(yi)降低制(zhi)造成(cheng)本。控(kong)制(zhi)邏輯復雜(za)的單片(pian)(pian)機會需要操(cao)作系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)軟件支持;控(kong)制(zhi)邏輯簡單的嵌(qian)入(ru)(ru)(ru)式系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)也可以(yi)(yi)不用(yong)(yong)操(cao)作系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)軟件支持。
以上介紹的就是嵌入式和單片機的區別了,首先還是帶大家先認識下嵌入式和單片機到底是什么,這樣你才能真的看出來區別在哪,其實不管你是選擇嵌入式還是單片機,只要你喜歡就好了。

