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嵌入式(shi)數據(ju)庫是什么 時間:2018-02-23      來源:未知

SQLite,是(shi)一款輕型的(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)庫(ku)(ku),其設計目(mu)標是(shi)嵌入(ru)式(shi)的(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)庫(ku)(ku),而(er)且(qie)當前在很多嵌入(ru)式(shi)產品中(zhong)使用(yong)到了sqlite數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)庫(ku)(ku),sqlite數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)庫(ku)(ku)占用(yong)資源非常的(de)低(di),對嵌入(ru)式(shi)設備而(er)言,內(nei)存是(shi)非常寶(bao)貴的(de),而(er)sqlite數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)庫(ku)(ku)可能只(zhi)需要幾(ji)百(bai)K的(de)內(nei)存就夠了。

Sqlite數據(ju)庫(ku)還能夠(gou)支(zhi)持Windows/Linux/Unix等等主流的(de)操作系統,其跨(kua)平(ping)臺的(de)可(ke)移植性(xing)特(te)別強,這極大的(de)拓展(zhan)了其生存的(de)空間。

同時(shi)能夠跟很多程(cheng)序語言相結合,比如C#、PHP、Java,C等,還有ODBC接(jie)口,同樣比起Mysql、PostgreSQL這兩款開(kai)源的世界著名數據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)管理系統(tong)來講,它的處理速度比他們都(dou)快,比起Oracle數據(ju)(ju)庫(ku)來說(shuo),免費也是極大的優勢。

SQLite第一個(ge)Alpha版本(ben)誕生于2000年(nian)(nian)5月,至2018年(nian)(nian)已經(jing)有18個(ge)年(nian)(nian)頭, SQLite 3也已經(jing)發布,并成功的進入了(le)我們(men)的事業。

除(chu)了上(shang)面提到的低內存占用率、跨(kua)平(ping)臺可移植性、多語言支持、免(mian)費開(kai)源,sqlite3數(shu)(shu)據(ju)庫還有(you)強大的功能,比如支持數(shu)(shu)據(ju)庫大小(xiao)可達2TB,十(shi)多萬行的代碼非常適合學習,良好的代碼注釋等(deng)等(deng)。

那么我(wo)們學(xue)習數據(ju)庫好可以快(kuai)速的(de)(de)入(ru)門(men),在門(men)外徘(pai)徊太久的(de)(de)話會挫傷我(wo)們學(xue)習的(de)(de)積(ji)極性。如果(guo)你是一個嵌入(ru)式的(de)(de)學(xue)習和開發者(zhe),那么從以下兩(liang)個方(fang)面出發可以幫你快(kuai)速的(de)(de)上(shang)手sqlite3數據(ju)庫:

1、Sqlite3的命令 :數據庫的創(chuang)建及(ji)增刪(shan)改查(cha)

2、2、sqlite3 API函數(shu)接口(kou):用API接口(kou)實現(xian)數(shu)據庫的創建及(ji)增(zeng)刪改(gai)查

當然了,以下(xia)是(shi)基(ji)于Ubuntu平臺做(zuo)的測(ce)試:

1-- 安裝數(shu)據庫:

在線安(an)裝:sudo apt-get install sqlite sqlite3

sudo apt-get install libsqlite3-dev

sudo apt-get install sqlitebrowser

離線安裝:

下(xia)載安裝下(xia)面三個包:

libsqlite3-0_3.7.2-1ubuntu0.1_i386.deb

libsqlite3-dev_3.7.2-1ubuntu0.1_i386.deb

sqlite3_3.7.2-1ubuntu0.1_i386.deb

sudo dpkg -i *.deb  (數(shu)據庫安(an)裝文(wen)件)

2、Sqlite3的(de)命(ming)令

2.1、創建數據(ju)庫

sqlite3 stu.db

必須(xu)指定數(shu)據(ju)庫名字(zi)

2.2、sqlite命令

系統(tong)命令 以 "."開(kai)頭(tou)

普(pu)通命令 ,以";"結束(shu)

.schema 查(cha)看表(biao)的(de)結構

.quit 退(tui)出數據庫

.exit 退出數(shu)據庫(ku)

.help 查(cha)看幫助信息

.databases 查看數(shu)據(ju)庫

.tables 顯示數據庫中所有的表(biao)的表(biao)名

2.3、sqlite3 的(de)使用 : 增刪改查

1-- 創建一張表(biao)

create table 表名(字段(duan)(duan)名稱1 字段(duan)(duan)類型(xing),字段(duan)(duan)名稱2 字段(duan)(duan)類型(xing), ....);

create table stu(id int, name char, sex char , score int);

2-- 向(xiang)表中插入一條記(ji)錄(lu)

insert into 表名 values (字(zi)(zi)段值1,字(zi)(zi)段值2,...);

insert into stu values(1001, 'zhangsan', 'm', 89);

insert into stu (id, name, sex,score) values(1002, 'lisi', 'm', 99);

3-- 查詢記錄

select * from stu; // 查找所有(you)的記錄

select * from stu where id=1001; // 查找符號(hao)條件的記錄

select * from stu where id=1001 and name='zhangsan'; // 字符(fu)串需要加(jia)引號

select * from stu where name = 'zhangsan' or score=92;

4-- 刪除記錄

delete from stu where id=1004;

5-- 更(geng)新記錄

update stu set score=98 where id=1003;

6-- 刪(shan)除一張表

drop table stu;

7-- 添加一列

alter table stu add column score int;

8-- 刪除一列

sqlite3 不允許(xu)直接刪除一列

1)先創建一張新表(biao)

create table stu1 as select id , name from stu;

2)刪除原(yuan)來的舊表

drop table stu;

3)對新表重(zhong)命名

alter table stu1 rename to stu;

 9-- 數據(ju)庫主(zhu)鍵(既(ji)設置的數據(ju)將會(hui)是(shi)唯一存在(zai)的)

create table usr(name text primary key , passwd text);

3、sqlite3 API 函數接口:

 學習API函數(shu)(shu)接口,那么首先(xian)要掌握函數(shu)(shu)接口的三要素: 功能--參數(shu)(shu)--返回值,

然后(hou)就是寫代碼去驗(yan)證我們(men)隊函數的理(li)解,然后(hou)將函數用(yong)到實際的項目開發當中

(1)int sqlite3_open(

const char *filename, /* Database filename (UTF-8) */

sqlite3 **ppDb /* OUT: SQLite db handle */

);

功(gong)能:打開一個數據庫

參數(shu):filename 數(shu)據庫名字

ppdb 操作數據庫的指針,句柄(bing)。

返回(hui)值(zhi):成(cheng)功 SQLITE_OK , 失敗 error_code

(2)const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3* db);

功能:獲取錯誤信息描述

(3)int sqlite3_close(sqlite3* db);

功能(neng):關閉一個數據庫

(4)int sqlite3_exec(

sqlite3* db, /* An open database */

const char *sql, /* SQL to be evaluated */

int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**), /* Callback function */

void * arg, /* 1st argument to callback */

char **errmsg /* Error msg written here */

);

功(gong)能:執行一條sql語句

參數(shu):db 數(shu)據(ju)庫的句柄指針

sql 將(jiang)要被(bei)執(zhi)行sql語句

callback 回調函(han)數, 只(zhi)有在(zai)查詢語句時,才給回調函(han)數傳參

arg 為(wei)callback 傳參(can)的

errmsg 錯誤(wu)信息的(de)地址

返回值:成(cheng)功 SQLITE_OK

出錯 errcode 錯誤(wu)碼

int (*callback)(void* arg ,int ncolumn ,char** f_value,char** f_name)

功(gong)能:得到(dao)查詢結果

參(can)數:arg 為回調函(han)數傳遞參(can)數使用(yong)的

ncolumn 記(ji)錄中包含的字(zi)段的數目(mu)

f_value 包含每個(ge)字段值的指針數組

f_name 包(bao)含每(mei)個(ge)字段名稱的指針數組(zu)

返回(hui)值:成(cheng)功(gong) 0,出錯(cuo) 非0

(5)int sqlite3_get_table(

sqlite3 *db, /* An open database */

const char *zSql, /* SQL to be evaluated */

char ***pazResult, /* Results of the query */

int *pnRow, /* Number of result rows written here */

int *pnColumn, /* Number of result columns written here */

char **pzErrmsg /* Error msg written here */

);

功能(neng):查(cha)詢數據庫(ku),它會創建一個新的(de)內存區(qu)域來存放查(cha)詢的(de)結(jie)果信息(xi)

參數:db 數據庫操作句(ju)柄

sql 數據庫的sql語(yu)句

azResult 查詢(xun)的結(jie)果

nRow 行數

nColumn 列數

errmsg 錯誤(wu)消息

返回值:

成功 0

出(chu)錯 errcode

nrow的(de)值為查詢到的(de)符合條件的(de)記錄數(不包括字段名)。

ncolumn的(de)值為查詢到的(de)符合條件的(de)字段(duan)數。

注意(yi):nrow的值不包(bao)括字段(duan)名(ming)(ming),如果打印(yin)時用for (i = 0; i < nrow; i++)會打印(yin)出(chu)字段(duan)名(ming)(ming),但(dan)是會少(shao)打印(yin)出(chu)一條(tiao)符合(he)條(tiao)件(jian)的記(ji)錄。

因(yin)此打印時要用 for (i = 0; i

(6)void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);

功能:釋放(fang)內存

4、下面我們先來測(ce)一下sqlite命令的使用:

fengjunhui@ubuntu:~/Sqlite$ sqlite3 fengjunhui.db

SQLite version 3.7.2

Enter ".help" for instructions

Enter SQL statements terminated with a ";&quot;

sqlite> create table stu(id int,name char,sex char,score int);

sqlite> insert into stu values(1001,'fengjunhui','m',88);

1001|fengjunhui|m|88

1002|liuxiaofan|m|92

1003|luzhengyu|m|96

1004|xiaohui|m|86

sqlite> select * from stu where name=fengjunhui ;

Error: no such column: fengjunhui         ----注(zhu)意類型匹配

sqlite> select * from stu where name = 'fengjunhui';

1001|fengjunhui|m|88

sqlite> select * from stu where id=1003;

1003|luzhengyu|m|96

sqlite> update stu set sex = f where id=1002;

Error: no such column: f

sqlite> update stu set sex ='f' where id=1002;

sqlite> select * from stu

...> ;

1001|fengjunhui|m|88

1002|liuxiaofan|f|92

1003|luzhengyu|m|96

1004|xiaohui|m|86

sqlite> delete from stu where name='xiaohui';

sqlite> select * from stu;

1001|fengjunhui|m|88

1002|liuxiaofan|f|92

1003|luzhengyu|m|96

sqlite> alter table stu add column age int;

sqlite> select * from stu ;

1001|fengjunhui|m|88|

1002|liuxiaofan|f|92|

1003|luzhengyu|m|96|

sqlite> update stu set age = 25 where id=1001;

sqlite> select * from stu;

1001|fengjunhui|m|88|25

1002|liuxiaofan|f|92|

1003|luzhengyu|m|96|

sqlite> create table stu_bak as select id,name,sex,score from stu;

sqlite> .table

stu stu_bak

sqlite> .schema

CREATE TABLE stu(id int,name char,sex char,score int, age int);

CREATE TABLE stu_bak(

id INT,

name TEXT,

sex TEXT,

score INT

);

sqlite> drop table stu;

sqlite> alter table stu_bak rename to stu;

sqlite> .table

stu

sqlite> create table usr(name text primary key,passwd text);

sqlite> .talbe

Error: unknown command or invalid arguments: "talbe". Enter ".help" for help

sqlite> .table

stu usr

5、sqlite3 API函(han)數接(jie)口的使用(yong)

測試源碼:

#include

#include

//注(zhu)意:編(bian)譯時需(xu)要手動鏈接庫文件 -lsqlite3

#define DATABASE "student.db"

#define N 128

#define IS_NUM(index) (0 &lt;= index && index <= 9) ? 1 : 0

int flags = 0;

int do_insert(sqlite3 *db)

{

int id;

char name[N];

int score;

char sql[N];

char *errmsg;

 printf("please input id >>>; ");

scanf("%d", &id);

getchar();

printf("please input name >>> ");

scanf("%s", name);

getchar();

printf("please input score >>> ");

scanf("%d", &score);

getchar();

sprintf(sql, "insert into stu values(%d, '%s', %d)", id, name, score);

if(sqlite3_exec(db, sql, NULL, NULL, &errmsg) != SQLITE_OK)

{

printf("%s\n", errmsg);

}

else

{

printf("the datas is inserted successfully\n");

}

return 0;

}

//回調函數負責得到(dao)查詢(xun)的(de)結果(guo)

int callback(void *arg, int ncolumn, char **f_value, char **f_name)

{

int i = 0;

if(flags == 0)

{

for(i = 0; i < ncolumn; i++)

{

printf("%-11s", f_name[i]);

}

putchar(10);

flags = 1;

}

for(i = 0; i < ncolumn; i++)

{

printf("%-11s", f_value[i]);

}

putchar(10);

return 0;

}

//查詢數據

int do_select(sqlite3 *db)

{

char *errmsg;

if(sqlite3_exec(db, "select * from stu", callback, NULL, &errmsg) != SQLITE_OK){

printf("%s\n", errmsg);

}else{

printf("the datas is selected successfully\n");

}

return 0;

}

int do_update(sqlite3* db)

{

int id,score;

char name[N]={0},columnname[N]={0},columntype[N]={0};

int num,index;

char* errmsg;

char sql[N]={0};

printf("input your index for search: 1 id 2 name 3 score: \n");

scanf("%d",&index);

getchar();

if(index == 1){

printf("input id : \n");

scanf("%d",&id);

}else if(index == 2){

printf("input name : \n");

scanf("%s",name);

}else {

printf("input score: \n");

scanf("%d",&score);

}

printf("your choice whose info to update: 1 id 2 name 3 score 4 colum: \n");

scanf("%d",&num);

getchar();

switch(num)

{

case 1:

printf("please input id: ");

scanf("%d",&id);

getchar();

if(index == 1){

printf("input sorry,the same info,no need change.\n ");

}else if(index == 2){

sprintf(sql,"update stu set id=%d where name='%s'",id,name);

}else if(index == 3){

sprintf(sql,"update stu set id=%d where score=%d",id,score);

}if(sqlite3_exec(db,sql,NULL,NULL,&errmsg) != SQLITE_OK){

printf("%s\n",errmsg);

}

break;

case 2:

printf("please input name: ");

scanf("%s",name);

getchar();

if(index == 1){

sprintf(sql,"update stu set name=%s where id='%d'",name,id);

}if(index == 2){

printf("input sorry,the same info,no need change.\n ");

}else if(index == 3){

sprintf(sql,&quot;update stu set name=%s where score=%d",name,score);

}if(sqlite3_exec(db,sql,NULL,NULL,&errmsg) != SQLITE_OK){

printf("%s\n",errmsg);

}

break;

case 3:

printf("please input socre: ");

scanf("%d",&score);

getchar();

if(index == 1) {

sprintf(sql,"update stu set score=%d where id='%d'",score,id);

}else if(index == 2){

sprintf(sql,"update stu set score=%d where name=%s",score,name);

} else if(index == 3){

printf("input sorry,the same info,no need change.\n ");

}

if(sqlite3_exec(db,sql,NULL,NULL,&errmsg) != SQLITE_OK){

printf("%s\n",errmsg);

}

break;

case 4:

printf("please input column name: ");

scanf("%s",columnname);

getchar();

printf("please input column type: INT or CHAR";);

scanf("%s",columntype);

getchar();

sprintf(sql,"alter table stu add column '%s' '%s' '",columnname,columntype);

if(sqlite3_exec(db,sql,NULL,NULL,&errmsg) != SQLITE_OK){

printf("%s\n",errmsg);

}

break;

default:

printf("input illegal.\n");

}

printf("the datas is update successfully\n");

return 0;

}

int do_delete(sqlite3* db)

{

int i=0;

char table[N]={0};

int id,score,index;

char name[N]={0};

char* errmsg;

char sql[N]={0};

char *delsql[5]={0};

printf("\n");

do_select(db); //printf database info list

printf("\n");

printf("input index for delete: 1 id 2 name 3 score 4 table 5 colum: \n");

scanf("%d",&index);

getchar();

if(index == 1){

printf("input id : \n");

scanf("%d",&id);

 sprintf(sql,"delete from stu where id=%d&quot;,id);

}else if(index == 2){

printf("input name : \n");

scanf("%s",name);

sprintf(sql,"delete from stu where name=%s",name);

}else if(index == 3){

printf("input score: \n");

scanf("%d",&score);

sprintf(sql,&quot;delete from stu where score=%d",score);

}else if(index == 4){

printf("input which table: \n");

scanf("%s",table);

sprintf(sql,"drop table %s",table);

}else if(index == 5){

#if 0

sprintf(delsql[0],"create table stu1 as select id,name from stu\n");

sprintf(delsql[1],"drop table stu\n");

sprintf(delsql[2],"alter table stu1 rename to stu\n");

#endif

delsql[0] = "create table stu1 as select id,name from stu";

delsql[1] = "drop table stu";

delsql[2] = "alter table stu1 rename to stu";

for(i = 0;i < 3;i ++){

printf("delsql[%d]: %s\n",i,delsql[i]);

}

return 0;

}

 if(sqlite3_exec(db,sql,NULL,NULL,&errmsg) != SQLITE_OK){

printf("%s\n",errmsg);

}

return 0;

}

int main(int argc, const char *argv[])

{

sqlite3 *db;

char *errmsg;

int num;

//創建(打開)數(shu)據庫

if(sqlite3_open(DATABASE, &db) != SQLITE_OK) {

printf("%s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));

}else{

printf("the database is opened successfully\n&quot;);

}

//創建一張表(biao)

if(sqlite3_exec(db, "create table stu(id int, name char, score int)", NULL, NULL, &errmsg) != SQLITE_OK){

printf("%s\n", errmsg);

}else {

 printf("the table is created successfully\n");

}

//對(dui)當前表進行增(zeng)刪改(gai)查

while(1)

{

printf("\n");

printf("***1:插入(ru)數(shu)據 2:查詢數(shu)據 3:修改數(shu)據 4:刪除數(shu)據 5:退出***\n");

printf("\n");

printf(">>> ");

scanf("%d", &num);

getchar();

switch(num)

{

case 1:

do_insert(db);

break;

case 2:

flags = 0;

do_select(db);

//do_select_get_table(db);

break;

case 3:

do_update(db);

break;

case 4:

do_delete(db);

break;

case 5:

sqlite3_close(db);

return -1;

default:

printf("please input correct option\n");

}

}

return 0;

}

測試結果:

fengjunhui@ubuntu:~/Sqlite$ ./a.out

the database is opened successfully

table stu already exists

1:插入數據(ju)(ju) 2:查詢數據(ju)(ju) 3:修改數據(ju)(ju) 4:刪(shan)除(chu)數據(ju)(ju) 5:退出

>>> 2

id name score

1001 liuxiaofan 92

1004 fengjunhui 98

1003 luzhengyu 96

the datas is selected successfully

 1:插入數(shu)據 2:查詢數(shu)據 3:修改數(shu)據 4:刪除數(shu)據 5:退出

>>> 1

please input id >>> 1005

please input name >>> xiaohuihui

please input score >>> 76

the datas is inserted successfully

1:插入數(shu)據(ju) 2:查(cha)詢數(shu)據(ju) 3:修改數(shu)據(ju) 4:刪除數(shu)據(ju) 5:退(tui)出

>>> 3

input your index for search: 1 id 2 name 3 score:

1

input id :

1004

your choice whose info to update: 1 id 2 name 3 score 4 colum:

3

please input socre: 88

the datas is update successfully

1:插入數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju) 2:查詢數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju) 3:修改(gai)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju) 4:刪除數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju) 5:退出

>>> 2

id name score

1001 liuxiaofan 92

1004 fengjunhui 88

1003 luzhengyu 96

1005 xiaohuihui 76

the datas is selected successfully

1:插入數據 2:查詢數據 3:修改數據 4:刪除數據 5:退出

>>> 4

1001 liuxiaofan 92

1004 fengjunhui 88

1003 luzhengyu 96

1005 xiaohuihui 76

the datas is selected successfully

input index for delete: 1 id 2 name 3 score 4 table 5 colum:

2

input name :

fengjunhui

no such column: fengjunhui

1:插(cha)入數據(ju) 2:查詢數據(ju) 3:修改數據(ju) 4:刪除數據(ju) 5:退(tui)出

>>> 2

id name score

1001 liuxiaofan 92

1004 fengjunhui 88

1003 luzhengyu 96

1005 xiaohuihui 76

the datas is selected successfully

1:插(cha)入數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju) 2:查詢數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju) 3:修改數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju) 4:刪除數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju) 5:退出

>>> 5

fengjunhui@ubuntu:~/Sqlite$ gcc 5_student.c -lsqlite3

fengjunhui@ubuntu:~/Sqlite$ ./a.out

the database is opened successfully

table stu already exists

1:插入數(shu)據 2:查詢數(shu)據 3:修改數(shu)據 4:刪(shan)除數(shu)據 5:退(tui)出

>>> 4

id name score

1001 liuxiaofan 92

1004 fengjunhui 88

1003 luzhengyu 96

1005 xiaohuihui 76

the datas is selected successfully

input index for delete: 1 id 2 name 3 score 4 table 5 colum:

2

input name :

'fengjunhui'

1:插入數(shu)(shu)據 2:查(cha)詢(xun)數(shu)(shu)據 3:修改數(shu)(shu)據 4:刪(shan)除數(shu)(shu)據 5:退出(chu)

>>> 2

id name score

1001 liuxiaofan 92

1003 luzhengyu 96

1005 xiaohuihui 76

the datas is selected successfully

1:插(cha)入數據 2:查詢數據 3:修改(gai)數據 4:刪除(chu)數據 5:退出

>>> 5

fengjunhui@ubuntu:~/Sqlite$ gcc 5_student.c -lsqlite3

fengjunhui@ubuntu:~/Sqlite$ ./a.out

the database is opened successfully

table stu already exists

1:插入數據(ju) 2:查詢數據(ju) 3:修改(gai)數據(ju) 4:刪除數據(ju) 5:退出

>>> 4

id name score

1001 liuxiaofan 92

1003 luzhengyu 96

1005 xiaohuihui 76

the datas is selected successfully

input index for delete: 1 id 2 name 3 score 4 table 5 colum:

5

delsql[0]: create table stu1 as select id,name from stu

delsql[1]: drop table stu

delsql[2]: alter table stu1 rename to stu

1:插入(ru)數(shu)據(ju) 2:查詢數(shu)據(ju) 3:修改數(shu)據(ju) 4:刪除數(shu)據(ju) 5:退出

>>> 5

擴展內容:

sqlite3支持的數據類型:

NULL、INTEGER、REAL、TEXT、BLOB

但(dan)是(shi),sqlite3也支持(chi)如下的數據類型

smallint 16位(wei)整(zheng)數

integer 32位整(zheng)數

decimal(p,s) p是精確值(zhi),s是小數(shu)位(wei)數(shu)

float 32位(wei)實數

double 64位實數

char(n) n長(chang)度字符串,不能超過254

 varchar(n) 長(chang)度(du)不固定大(da)字(zi)符串長(chang)度(du)為n,n不超過4000

graphic(n) 和(he) char(n) 一樣,但(dan)是(shi)單位是(shi)兩(liang)個字(zi)符double-bytes,n不超過127(中文字(zi))

vargraphic(n) 可變(bian)長度且大(da)長度為n

date 包含了年份、月份、日期

time 包含了小時、分鐘、秒

timestamp 包含了年、月、日、時、分、秒、千分之(zhi)一秒

sqlite3支(zhi)持(chi)的函數

【1】日(ri)期函數

datetime() : 產生日期和時間(jian)

date(): 產(chan)生日期

time():產生(sheng)時間

strftime():對以上3個函數(shu)產生的(de)日期和時間進行格式化(hua)

用法實例:

1、select date('2011-9-9','+1 day','+1 year'); 結果是 2010-09-10

2、select datetime('now'); 當前(qian)日(ri)期和時間

3、select datetime('now', 'start of month'); 本(ben)月(yue)的第一(yi)天零點,也可(ke)以設(she)置年和日的第一(yi)天

4、select datetime('now','+1 hour','-12 minute'); 當前時間加48分鐘

strftime()函數可以將YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS格(ge)式的(de)日期字(zi)符串轉換為其它形式的(de)字(zi)符串

%d:天數(shu),01-31

%f :小數形式的秒,SS.SSS

%H:小時

%j :某一(yi)天是該年的第(di)幾天,001-366

%m:月份,00-12

%M:分(fen)鐘,00-59

%s:從1970到現在的秒數

%S:秒,00-59

%w:星期(qi),0-6,0是(shi)星期(qi)天

%W:某天是該年的第幾周(zhou),01-53

%Y:年,YYYY

%% 百(bai)分(fen)號(hao)

應用舉例:

select strftime('%Y.%m.%d %H:%M:%S','now','localtime');

二、【算術(shu)函數】

abs(X):返回絕對值

max(X,Y[,...]):返回大值

min(X,Y,[,...]):返(fan)回小值

random(*):返回隨(sui)機(ji)數

round(X[,Y]): 四舍(she)五入

三、【字(zi)符串處理函數(shu)】

length(x) :返回字符串字符個數

lower(x) :大寫(xie)轉(zhuan)小寫(xie)

upper(x):小寫(xie)轉(zhuan)大寫(xie)

substr(x,y,Z):截取子串

like(A,B):確定(ding)給定(ding)的字符(fu)串與指定(ding)的模式(shi)是否匹配

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